The overall goal of the EU-funded Horizon project RETOOL is to advance our understanding of how to address the twin challenges of responding to the climate imperative while strengthening and reinvigorating democratic governance. The post-doctoral research will carry out work that aims to contribute to understand the historical and contemporary role of climate and environmental movements in shaping climate transitions and providing spaces for participation. The successful candidate will study the emergence of environmental movements and their impacts on national and European policies and institutions by conducting four historical case studies (Western and Eastern Europe, as well as the EU level) of environmental activism in Europe and its influence on political parties and systems.